Same Year, Same Author How to Reference Sources Correctly

Same Year, Same Author How to Reference Sources Correctly Same Year, Same Author? How to Reference Sources Correctly Many referencing systems use the author’s surname and year of publication in citations, with full source information given in a reference list. However, if you are citing multiple sources by the same author from the same year, the name and year alone won’t be enough to cite a text clearly. What do you do if you need to cite two sources from one author that were published in the same year in a paper, then? In this post, we look at how this works with author–date citations. Two Sources from the Same Year in Author–Date Citations To show how this works with author–date citations, we’ll use the APA referencing system. However, the same rules described here apply to other similar systems (e.g., Chicago and Harvard). The basic rule when citing two sources from the same year is to add a letter after the year: Pellow (1994b) originally claimed that love is all around. However, later the same year he claimed to have located it specifically in a wishing well (Pellow, 1994a). Here, for example, we have two sources by â€Å"Pellow† from 1994. Without adding â€Å"a† and â€Å"b† after the year of publication in these citations, we would not be able to tell the sources apart. Pellow is perhaps better known for his pop career than his time in academia.(Photo: Andwhatsnext, aka Nancy J Price) You may be wondering why we used â€Å"b† instead of â€Å"a† for the first citation above. This is because the correct letter to use for each source depends on its position in the reference list. With APA referencing, you would usually list multiple sources by the same author chronologically. However, when multiple sources are published in the same year, you organize them by title: Pellow, M. (1994a). Goodnight Girl: Finding Love in a Wet Place. Glasgow: WWW Inc. Pellow, M. (1994b). Love Is All Around: A Geolocational Study. London: Troggs Publishing. In this case, then, Goodnight Girl is assigned the letter â€Å"a† because â€Å"Goodnight† comes before â€Å"Love† alphabetically. It is vital that the same letters are used in the reference list as in citations, as otherwise your reader will have no way of knowing which source you are citing in each case.

How Police Officers learn Professional Ethics Essay

How Police Officers learn Professional Ethics - Essay Example Police officers build up their ethical range, integrity, or moral foundation, from working together with other people and learning ethics and morals. Training of professional ethics for police officers assists them to perform the following: be familiar with an ethical trouble or problem without any difficulty, recognize numerous alternatives to tackle the specific problem caught up in, make a balanced and morally good option of which alternative to prefer, Take quick action build upon that option and acknowledge accountability for the result. Police officers cannot just think morally; they are obliged to conduct themselves ethically as well. Training for professional ethics offers tools for dealing with ethical troubles, however, the police professional ought to possess the nerve to act. According to Michael C. Braswell â€Å"one of the most defining characters of the police occupation is the potential use of coercive force, especially deadly force, to impose the will of the state a nd another defining yet less well-understood characteristic is ethics† Exactly as Law, medicine, business, or further occupations are distinguished by ethics that direct people and group conduct, policing is a profession which includes its particular principles and ethics. These ethics give a foundation by which a behavior of an individual and his thoughts can be calculated. Comparative to other occupations, nonetheless, learning professional morals in policing is completely not the result of teaching, socialization and education. In reality, learning most of the times predate official teaching and socialization endeavor as a consequence of distinctive, communal and historical issues. Furthermore, the procedure of the socialization of police and enculturation on-the-job may well both persistently and unintentionally pressure the constructive ethical thoughts and principles conveyed to the police officers by new staff. A sound and all-encompassing unusual subculture could be pr esent in certain examples, which can inertly or actively educate unethical conduct to new police professionals. â€Å"Ethics in policing bears directly on issues of reform, control, and legitimacy of law enforcement institutions in a democratic society.† (Michael C. Braswell). The initial stage in meeting such tests is to better comprehend the foundation and subject matter of professional ethics so consequently that management, nation, government and the judges can more efficiently encourage reliable behavior of police force. Ethics are primarily learned in the framework of our first and generally close affiliation with our relatives and friends. Relationships similar to them are in which individuals learn understanding and being compassionate, appreciation, honesty and justice. Through proficient education and experience at work the police officer becomes familiar with presented morals and ethical standards of policing. As stated by council of Europe that there are four dive rse feature of ethical troubles in police employment. Ethical problems in which diverse principles struggle are deficient in knowledge, acting over hurriedly and with disobedience. The process of socialization of being a police official is one analytical feature in building professional

Organizational Planning Worksheet Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Planning Worksheet - Assignment Example Fortune 500 Company name National Railroad Passenger Corporation (Amtrak) 2. The company’s internal and external stakeholders Internal stakeholder’s External stakeholder’s Employees Customers Managers Suppliers Executive directors Government Non-executive directorsSociety ShareholdersCreditors 3. Company’s mission and vision Company’s mission To serve as the best economical and safe operation national passenger railway system in the region. Company’s vision To equip the country with a transit option that is reliable, safe and affordable connecting all the major population centers. 4. Company goals At least one company goal that can be accomplished through a strategic plan To increase the company’s markets share in the region. To increase the size of the company by maximizing its wealth. At least one company goal that can be accomplished through an operational plan To be a more efficient transit option to the general public. To increase the safety procedures in the rail system company. 5. SWOT analysis Strengths Weaknesses The company is dominant in the market. Availability of financial limitations. The company offers unique services to the customers. The challenge of target market segmentation. The company operates in convenient locations and has local stops. The company has inadequate structure. Opportunities Threats The company has unique selling propositions such as having more destinations and affordable rates. The presence of discount airlines. The company has good pricing strategies such as the having steep discounts that targeting of niche markets. Private train firms provide stiff competition. The company gets federal funding by way of privatization. The presence of poor economic conditions.

Database Design and Implementation Coursework Essay Example for Free

Database Design and Implementation Coursework Essay The aim of this database design and implementation coursework is to design and develop a Quorum Party Database system that will be interacted with the system online by the party goers who are enthusiastic to go and attend parties. It means that party goers/end users will become as a member by registering the site of our on-line party service company. We also create a prototype for web front-end form that will allow end users to check and register in Quorum Party database by including some sample required data. After the given scenarios have been read, firstly, we need to make some assumptions that can be determined to be correct or faulty and can be clarified unclear business rules or procedures before building a database system. According to the coursework, the conceptual data model diagram has to be drawn using the Chen notation and the logical relational schema is needed to produce which defines the relationships between different tables. Both conceptual data model and logical relational schema have to be checked with 3NF, third normalization form. The considered tables should be created and inserted in DBMS Microsoft Access with some extra required information. Queries, reports and forms have to be produced with the sample data by writing SQL coding for given A1 to A6 from the Sample Applications of course work scenario. Finally, the snapshots of the resulting output produced should be shown once queries, reports and forms successfully run using the appropriate tools in the chosen DBMS Microsoft Access.

Is Time Travel Possible? Essay -- Space Back to the Future Science Fic

Is Time Travel Possible? Time travel has always fascinated humans. The idea of being able to change the past or the future creates infinite possibilities. The most common form of time travel is through the use of a time machine, although in some cases, characters with mystical powers can transport others in time. The subject of time travel has been brought up in various blockbuster movies, such as Back to the Future series, the Terminator trilogy, and even Bill and Ted’s Excellent Adventure.4 In the literary world, some well-known writers have written about time travel, including H.G. Wells, Issac Asimov, Ray Bradbury, Robert Heinlein and Madeline L’Engle. There are songs about time travel, from George Harrison’s â€Å"Any Road† to â€Å"The Timewarp† from the Rocky Horror Picture Show. Time travel is also a prominent theme in commercials and advertisements, television shows, and art. In these media forms, time travel can be construed as good or bad. In some cases, the hero or heroine in the story travels back in time to save someone or change a bad outcome. In others, tampering with the past leads to tragedy in the future. A frequent topic on this is what happens if one were to meet himself in the past. Because we have no definite answers on the concept of time travel, the possibilities in entertainment are endless. Scientifically, there are currently three popular theories on how time travel may be possible: through the use of black holes, wormholes, and cosmic strings. There are two types of black holes. Schwarzschild black holes are the more well-known and consist of a singularity at the center that crushes all matter beyond recognition. Kerr holes are rotating black holes where the singularity is formed in a ring, much like th... ...htly older while his twin has long since died of old age. The consequences of time travel on society would be tremendous. Today’s moral systems are based on the concept that (as Shakespeare wrote) â€Å"what’s done cannot be undone.† A society in which the correction of past mistakes or the prevention of future ones was possible would most likely have a radically different moral system less focused on the consequences of one’s actions. (1)Hawking, Stephen. â€Å"Lectures: Space and Time Warps.† . (2) Pickover, Clifford. â€Å"Traveling Through Time.† 2000. NOVA Online. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/time/through.html. (3)â€Å"Sagan on Time Travel.† 2000. NOVA Online.. (4)â€Å"‘Time Travel’ Transcripts.† 1999. NOVA. .

Cost, volume, and profit formulas Essay

The cost-volume-profit analysis is a business tool which companies utilize in order to analyze the effects of changes on costs and volume in its profits. It has five major components namely, volume or level of activity, unit selling prices, variable cost per unit, total fixed cost, and sales mix. The volume of level of activity refers to the quantity of the product which is sold. Unit selling prices is the amount that the company sells one unit of its product to the customers. In CVP analysis, costs are classified as a either variable or fixed. Variable cost per unit refers to the costs which can be directly attributed to the production of the product like direct labor and materials. Fixed costs on the other hand, are costs which are incurred even if the company increase or lessen its level of activity. Sales mix is applicable to business organizations which has two or more products. It refers to the breakdown of sales according to product types. 3&4. Based on the formulas you have reviewed, what happens to contribution margin per unit when unit selling prices increase? Illustrate your explanation with an example from a fictitious company of how an increase in unit selling prices might affect contribution margin. Holding everything constant, an increase in the unit prices will directly increase the contribution margin per unit by the amount of price increase. For example, company A sells a burger for $2. 00 incurring $1. 50 for the production. Contribution margin is then $0. 50 ($2. 00-$1. 50). If unit price is raised from $2. 00 to $2. 50, the company’s contribution margin per unit will increase by $0. 50 which is equal to the amount of price increase ($2. 50-$1. 50). The contribution margin due to this price increase will be equal to $1. 00. 5. When fixed costs decrease, what does this do for sales? Illustrate your explanation with an example from a fictitious company. A decrease in fixed cost will have a direct impact in the required sales of the company in order to reach break-even or generate a target profit. In general, a decrease in fixed cost lowers the required sales as part of the previous fixed cost will now be counted as profit. Take for example, Starjuice which sells orange juice for $1. 00 per bottle/unit, has variable cost of $0. 70 per unit, and fixed expenses of $10,000. Starjuice wants to generate a profit of $5,000. Thus, it needs to sell ($10,000+$5,000)/($1. 00-$0. 70), 50,000 bottles of orange juice or $50,000 in total sales to reach this target. However, when fixed cost has decreased to $4,000, then the company only needs to sell ($4,000+$5,000)/($1. 00-$0. 70), 30,000 bottles or $30,000 in total sales. 6&7. Define contribution ratios. What happens to contribution ratios as one of the components changes? The contribution margin ratio refers to the ratio of the contribution margin to the unit selling price. For the Starjuice example above, the contribution margin ratio is 0. 30 or 30% as the contribution margin of $0. 30 is 30% of the total selling price of $1. 00. The changes in the contribution margin are often facilitated by the changes in unit selling price and variable costs. An increase in the unit selling price which is discussed above to enhance contribution margin will subsequently bring a rise in contribution ratio. On the other hand, a decrease in selling price will also bring a decline in contribution ratio. Increase in variable cost will directly lessen contribution margin thereby lowering contribution ratio. However, a decrease in variable cost will increase contribution margin and increasing contribution ratio.

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